Evolution Korea
The economic crisis that swept across Asia prompted a major reappraisal the traditional system of government, business alliances, as well as public management of risk. In Korea this meant an evolution of the development model.
In a controversial move, the South Korean government has asked publishers of textbooks to ignore calls for the removal of examples of evolution in high school science texts. This includes evidence of the evolution of horses and of the bird ancestor Archaeopteryx.
1. Evolution and Religion
A South Korean creationist group has pushed textbook publishers to eliminate evidence of evolution from high-school science texts. The Society for Textbook Revise, an offshoot of the Korea Association for Creation Research which aims to rid biology textbooks of "atheist materialism," was behind the decision. The STR claims such materialism portrays an image of negativity for students, making them be skeptical.
When the STR's ad campaign made the news, scientists from all over the world expressed concern. In a letter to the editor of Nature the evolutionary biologist Jae Choe at Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. He was supported by colleagues from around the country who gathered into a group called Evolution Korea to organize an anti-textbook petition.
Some scientists are concerned about the possibility that the STR campaign could spread to other regions of the world, where creationism is on the rise. The letter to Nature warned of the anti-evolutionist campaign putting pressure on textbook revisions, specifically in countries with large Christian and Muslim populations.
South Korea's culture is particularly strong for the debate over evolution. 26 percent of South Koreans are members of a religious group and the majority of them practice Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also adhere to Ch'ondogyo, the philosophy based on Confucian principles that emphasizes harmony in the social, personal self-cultivation and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo believes that humans are one with Hanulnim the God of the Sun, and that heavenly blessings can be derived by doing good deeds.
All of this has made creationism a fertile ground. Multiple studies have shown students who have a religious background to be more uncomfortable learning about evolution as compared to those who do not. The reasons behind this aren't clear. One reason is that students with religious backgrounds tend to be as familiar with scientific concepts and theories and are therefore more vulnerable to the influence of creationists. Another factor could be that those with religious backgrounds might view evolution as an idea that is atheistic, making them feel uncomfortable.
2. Evolution and Science
In recent years, anti-evolution programs in schools have raised concerns among the scientific community. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that nearly 40 percent of Americans believed that biological evolution was wrong and that it could conflict with their religious beliefs. Many scientists believe that despite the success of creationism the best way to counter this belief is to educate the public on the evidence that supports evolution.
Scientists have a duty to instruct their students in science, including the theory of evolution. They also need to inform the general public about the scientific process, and how scientific knowledge is collected and confirmed. They must also explain that theories of science are often challenged and re-examined. However, misinformation about the nature and purpose of scientific research can lead to anti-evolution beliefs.
Many people mistake the term "theory" as a guess, or a guess. In the realm of science, a theory is rigorously tested and verified with empirical evidence. A theory that has survived repeated testing and observations becomes an established scientific principle.
The debate about the evolutionary theory provides a great occasion to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is crucial to understand that science does not provide answers to questions about life's purpose or meaning, but allows living things to grow and change.
A well-rounded education must include exposure to the major fields of science including evolutionary biology. This is especially important since the jobs people are employed in and the decisions they make require a knowledge of how science works.
The vast majority of scientists around the world agree that humans have changed through time. In a study that predicted the opinions of adults about the consensus around this issue, those with higher levels education and knowledge of science were found to be more likely to believe there is a wide consensus among scientists on human evolution. People with more religious beliefs and have less science knowledge tend to be more skeptical. It is crucial that teachers insist on knowing the consensus on this issue to ensure that people have a solid basis for making informed decisions about their health care, energy use and other policy issues.
3. Evolution and Culture
Cultural evolution is a cousin of mainstream evolutionary theory. It explores how humans and other organisms learn from each other. Researchers in this area use elaborate tools and investigative models adapted from evolutionary theorists and go back to the prehistoric human to determine the origins of culture.
This approach also recognizes the distinction between biological and cultural traits. Cultural traits can be acquired slowly, whereas biological traits are typically acquired simultaneously (in sexual species, at fertilization). As a result, the acquisition of one trait may affect the development of another.
In Korea, for example, the adoption of Western fashion elements in the latter part of the 19th and early 20th century was a result of a variety of events. One of the most significant was the arrival of Japanese occupation forces who introduced Western hairstyles and styles of clothing to Korean society.
When Japan left Korea in the 1930s, a portion of those trends began to revert. At the end of World War II, Korea was united once more, this time under Choson dynasty rule.
에볼루션 게이밍 , Korea is an economic and political power. Despite the financial crisis of recent the economy of Korea has been growing at a steady pace over the past decade. It is anticipated to continue to grow in the near future.
The current government is confronted by a myriad of problems. The inability of the government to develop a coherent strategy to deal with the current economic crisis is among the biggest obstacles. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the country's policies particularly its dependence on foreign investment and exports which could not last.
Since the financial crisis has destroyed the confidence of investors, the government must review its economic strategy and find alternative ways to boost domestic demand. To ensure a stable economic climate the government needs reform its incentive, monitoring and discipline systems. This chapter provides a number of scenarios of how the Korean economy could develop post-crisis.
4. Evolution and Education
The biggest challenge for educators of evolution is how to present evolutionary concepts in a manner that is appropriate for students at various ages and developmental stages. Teachers should, for instance be aware of the diversity of religions in their classrooms and create a learning environment where students with both secular and religious beliefs feel comfortable. Moreover, teachers need to recognize common misconceptions about evolution, and how to deal with these in their classrooms. Teachers should also have quick access to the various resources that can be used to teach evolution.
In this regard, the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played a significant role in bringing evolutionary researchers and educators from various sectors to discuss best methods of teaching about Evolution. Participants included representatives from scientific societies as well as educational researchers, officials from government funding agencies and curriculum designers. The convergence of different participants helped to identify the common recommendations which will serve as the foundation for future actions.
One important recommendation is that the teaching of evolution should be included in all science curricula at any level. National Science Education Standards (NRC) that call for the integration of evolution across all life sciences with a progression that is developmentally appropriate, are a method to achieve this goal. A new publication from NRC provides guidelines for schools on how to incorporate evolution into the life science curriculum.
Numerous studies have shown that a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of evolution is associated with higher levels of student understanding and belief in evolution. However, estimating causal effects in the classroom is a challenge given that school curricula are not assigned randomly and evolve in time as a result of the predetermined timeframe of gubernatorial elections as well as appointments to the state board of education. To overcome this problem I employ an ongoing data set that allows me to account for state and year fixed effects and the individual-level variation in the beliefs of teachers about changes in the curriculum.
Another important result is that teachers who feel more comfortable teaching evolution report having less intrapersonal barriers to doing so. 에볼루션 게이밍 is in line with the hypothesis that faculty who are more confident are less likely to be hesitant about teaching about evolution in the classroom, and may be more inclined to use strategies like a reconciliatory method known to increase undergraduate students' acceptance of evolution.